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Understanding print speed (Form 4 generation)

Understanding print speed (Form 4 generation)

Form 4 generation printers deliver blazing fast print speeds with excellent reliability, print quality, accuracy, materials performance, and build volume size. Most MSLA printers sacrifice one or several aspects of print performance to achieve comparable speeds.

Print speed is mostly impacted by material and layer height and slightly impacted by print geometry. The most accurate way to calculate the print time for your model is by using the Print Time estimation feature in PreForm, our free print preparation software.

How we measure and validate print speed

For Form 4 generation printers, we measure print speed in vertical height printed per hour, with units of millimeters per hour or inches per hour.

We rigorously validate the print speed, reliability, print quality, accuracy, and mechanical properties for every material and layer height available on Form 4 generation printers. For every material and layer height, we run roughly 100 prints across 40+ different printers, using 20+ unique models covering a range of key applications and part geometries. Then we inspect, measure, and test every one of those prints.

Print speed by material and layer height

This table shows median and typical print speeds by material, layer height, and print setting, as measured during the Formlabs validation process.

For a given material and layer height, the Typical Print Speed column shows 25th and 75th percentile print speeds measured during our validation process. This range represents the level of variation you might see based on part geometry for a given material and layer height.

MaterialLayer Height (microns)Print SettingMedian Print SpeedTypical Print Speed
25th–75th percentile
Alumina 4N Resin V150Default
Alumina 4N Resin V125Default
BioMed Amber Resin V1100Default
BioMed Amber Resin V150Default
BioMed Black Resin V1100Default28 mm/hr
1.1 in/hr
26–31 mm/hr
1–1.2 in/hr
BioMed Black Resin V150Default
BioMed Clear Resin V1100Default32 mm/hr
1.3 in/hr
30–36 mm/hr
1.2–1.4 in/hr
BioMed Clear Resin V150Default15 mm/hr
0.6 in/hr
14–17 mm/hr
0.6–0.7 in/hr
BioMed Durable Resin V1.1100Default41 mm/hr
1.6 in/hr
36–45 mm/hr
1.4–1.8 in/hr
BioMed Elastic 50A Resin V1100Default24 mm/hr
0.9 in/hr
21–26 mm/hr
0.8–1 in/hr
BioMed Flex 80A Resin V1100Default16 mm/hr
0.6 in/hr
15–30 mm/hr
0.6–1.2 in/hr
BioMed Flex 80A Resin V150Default
BioMed White Resin V1100Default
BioMed White Resin V150Default
Black Resin V5100Default38 mm/hr
1.5 in/hr
30–44 mm/hr
1.2–1.7 in/hr
Black Resin V550Default18 mm/hr
0.7 in/hr
13–25 mm/hr
0.5–1 in/hr
Black Resin V525Default
Castable Wax 40 Resin V150Default
Castable Wax 40 Resin V125Default
Castable Wax Resin V150Default
Castable Wax Resin V125Default
Clear Resin V5100Default43 mm/hr
1.7 in/hr
39–46 mm/hr
1.5–1.8 in/hr
Clear Resin V550Default21 mm/hr
0.8 in/hr
14–25 mm/hr
0.6–1 in/hr
Clear Resin V525Default
Color Base Resin V1100Default29 mm/hr
1.1 in/hr
27–32 mm/hr
1.1–1.3 in/hr
Color Base Resin V150Default15 mm/hr
0.6 in/hr
14–16 mm/hr
0.6–0.6 in/hr
Color Base Resin V125Default
Custom Tray Resin V1100Default53 mm/hr
2.1 in/hr
45–59 mm/hr
1.8–2.3 in/hr
Dental LT Clear Resin V2100Default32 mm/hr
1.3 in/hr
30–36 mm/hr
1.2–1.4 in/hr
Dental LT Comfort Resin V1.1100Default41 mm/hr
1.6 in/hr
36–45 mm/hr
1.4–1.8 in/hr
Denture Base LP Resin V150Default
Denture Base OP Resin V150Default
Denture Base RP Resin V150Default
Durable Resin V2.1100Default36 mm/hr
1.4 in/hr
23–38 mm/hr
0.9–1.5 in/hr
Durable Resin V2.150Default
Elastic 50A Resin V2100Default24 mm/hr
0.9 in/hr
21–26 mm/hr
0.8–1 in/hr
ESD Resin V1100Default
ESD Resin V150Default
Fast Model Resin V1200Default86 mm/hr
3.4 in/hr
82–97 mm/hr
3.2–3.8 in/hr
Fast Model Resin V1160Fast Arch86 mm/hr
3.4 in/hr
81–87 mm/hr
3.2–3.4 in/hr
Fast Model Resin V1100Default41 mm/hr
1.6 in/hr
39–53 mm/hr
1.5–2.1 in/hr
Fast Model Resin V1100Fast Arch49 mm/hr
1.9 in/hr
43–51 mm/hr
1.7–2 in/hr
Flame Retardant Resin V1100Default50 mm/hr
2 in/hr
39–52 mm/hr
1.5–2 in/hr
Flame Retardant Resin V150Default
Flexible 80A Resin V1.1100Default
Flexible 80A Resin V1.150Default
Grey Resin V5100Default41 mm/hr
1.6 in/hr
36–45 mm/hr
1.4–1.8 in/hr
Grey Resin V5100Fast Arch
Grey Resin V550Default36 mm/hr
1.4 in/hr
23–38 mm/hr
0.9–1.5 in/hr
Grey Resin V525Default
High Temp Resin V2100Default53 mm/hr
2.1 in/hr
39–59 mm/hr
1.5–2.3 in/hr
High Temp Resin V250Default
IBT Flex Resin V1100Default
IBT Flex Resin V150Default
Precision Model Resin V150Default20 mm/hr
0.8 in/hr
16–22 mm/hr
0.6–0.9 in/hr
Precision Model Resin V125Default7 mm/hr
0.3 in/hr
5–8 mm/hr
0.2–0.3 in/hr
Premium Teeth A2 Resin V1100Default39 mm/hr
1.5 in/hr
36–47 mm/hr
1.4–1.9 in/hr
Premium Teeth A2 Resin V150Default14 mm/hr
0.6 in/hr
13–18 mm/hr
0.5–0.7 in/hr
Premium Teeth A3 Resin V1100Default39 mm/hr
1.5 in/hr
36–47 mm/hr
1.4–1.9 in/hr
Premium Teeth A3 Resin V150Default14 mm/hr
0.6 in/hr
13–18 mm/hr
0.5–0.7 in/hr
Premium Teeth B1 Resin V1100Default39 mm/hr
1.5 in/hr
36–47 mm/hr
1.4–1.9 in/hr
Premium Teeth B1 Resin V150Default14 mm/hr
0.6 in/hr
13–18 mm/hr
0.5–0.7 in/hr
Premium Teeth BL Resin V1100Default39 mm/hr
1.5 in/hr
36–47 mm/hr
1.4–1.9 in/hr
Premium Teeth BL Resin V150Default
PU Rigid 1000 Resin V1100Default
PU Rigid 1000 Resin V150Default
PU Rigid 650 Resin V1100Default
PU Rigid 650 Resin V150Default
Rigid 10k Resin V1.1100Default34 mm/hr
1.3 in/hr
29–39 mm/hr
1.1–1.5 in/hr
Rigid 10k Resin V1.150Default
Rigid 4000 Resin V1100Default32 mm/hr
1.3 in/hr
28–35 mm/hr
1.1–1.4 in/hr
Rigid 4000 Resin V150Default
Silicone 40A Resin V1100Default
Surgical Guide Resin V1100Default34 mm/hr
1.3 in/hr
29–38 mm/hr
1.1–1.5 in/hr
Surgical Guide Resin V150Default
Tough 1500 Resin V1.1100Default36 mm/hr
1.4 in/hr
34–42 mm/hr
1.3–1.7 in/hr
Tough 1500 Resin V1.150Default15 mm/hr
0.6 in/hr
14–19 mm/hr
0.6–0.7 in/hr
Tough 2000 Resin V1100Default46 mm/hr
1.8 in/hr
37–51 mm/hr
1.5–2 in/hr
Tough 2000 Resin V150Default18 mm/hr
0.7 in/hr
13–24 mm/hr
0.5–0.9 in/hr
White Resin V5100Default45 mm/hr
1.8 in/hr
31–50 mm/hr
1.2–2 in/hr
White Resin V550Default22 mm/hr
0.9 in/hr
12–28 mm/hr
0.5–1.1 in/hr

For blank cells: we are still collecting data and will update this table when results are available.

How print speed works

On Form 4 generation printers, your expected print speed depends on three main factors:

  1. Material: every material has different curing and flow behavior, which impacts how long each step of the print process takes.
  2. Layer height: the thickness of each layer in your print. If you print the same part with 100 µm layer height and 50 µm layer height, the print with 50 µm layer thickness will have twice as many layers and take longer to print.
  3. Print geometry: When you’re printing with a given material and layer height, you may notice print speeds varying slightly depending on your print geometry. For print jobs with more parts or larger parts, each layer will have a larger cross-sectional area, which may slightly decrease print speeds.

There are four steps of the printing process that occur during every layer of your print. Each of these steps can take a varying amount of time depending on several factors.

StepWhat happens?What variables does the step time depend on?Why does the step time depend on these variables?
ExposeThe Backlight Unit and Light Processing Unit expose liquid resin in the resin tank with precise, powerful light. The liquid resin is cured into a solid layer.Material
Layer height
Different resins and layer heights have different curing behavior.
PeelA solid, cured layer is peeled from the bottom of the flexible film at the bottom of the resin tank. The printer uses its Z-axis force sensor to measure forces exerted on parts and to optimize the peel motion profile for low peel forces and fast print speeds.Print geometryWhen printing larger, chunkier models or more models, the printer may slightly reduce peel speeds to maintain low peel forces.
MixThe high speed mixer quickly remixes resin inside the tank to maintain homogeneity and a uniform temperature.Material

Mixing behavior depends on the flow behavior of a material.

As of firmware version 1.14.0, the mixer stays where it was at the end of a print, so you don’t have to wait for it to return to a home position.

Squish

The partially-complete print is lowered back into the resin tank. The print is squished in the liquid resin until there is one-layer-thickness of liquid resin between the print and flexible film.

The printer uses its Z-axis force sensor to measure forces exerted on parts and to optimize the peel motion profile for low peel forces and fast squish speeds.

Material
Layer height
Print geometry

When printing larger, chunkier models or more models, the printer may slightly reduce squish speeds to maintain low peel forces.

The squish step generally takes longer for smaller layer thicknesses.

How models with cups affect print speed

As noted above, print geometry impacts print speed. In particular, Form 4 and Form 4L generation printers slow down while printing hollow regions in parts, known as cups, to prevent print failures. To reduce this slowdown:

  • Use the Hole tool in PreForm to add drain holes to your model.
  • Create a custom print setting with the PreForm Print Settings Editor and deselect Cup Mitigation Enabled. Disabling this feature can reduce print times but may lead to print defects.