Understanding print speed (Form 4L generation)
Understanding print speed (Form 4L generation)
Form 4L generation printers deliver blazing fast print speeds with excellent reliability, print quality, accuracy, materials performance, and build volume size. Most MSLA printers sacrifice one or several aspects of print performance to achieve comparable speeds.
Print speed is mostly impacted by material and layer height and also by part geometry. The most accurate way to calculate the print time for your model is by using the Print Time estimation feature in PreForm, our free print preparation software.
How we measure and validate print speed
For Form 4L generation printers, we measure print speed in vertical height printed per hour, with units of millimeters per hour or inches per hour.
We rigorously validate the print speed, reliability, print quality, accuracy, and mechanical properties for every material and layer height available on Form 4L generation printers. For every material and layer height, we run roughly 100 prints across 40+ different printers, using 20+ unique models covering a range of key applications and part geometries. Then we inspect, measure, and test every one of those prints.
Print speed by material and layer height
This table shows median and typical print speeds by material, layer height, and print setting, as measured during the Formlabs validation process.
For a given material and layer height, the Typical Print Speed column shows 25th and 75th percentile print speeds measured during our validation process. This range represents the level of variation you might see based on part geometry for a given material and layer height.
|
Material |
Layer Height (µm) |
Print Setting |
Median Print Speed |
Typical Print Speed, 25th - 75th percentile |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alumina 4N v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Alumina 4N v1 |
25 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed Amber v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed Amber v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed Black v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed Black v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed Clear v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed Clear v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed Durable v1.1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed Elastic 50A v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed Flex 80A v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed Flex 80A v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed White v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
BioMed White v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Black v5 |
100 |
Default |
21 mm/hr 0.8 in/hr |
17-22 mm/hr 0.7-0.9 in/hr |
|
Black v5 |
50 |
Default |
13 mm/hr 0.5 in/hr |
10-23 mm/hr 0.4-0.9 in/hr |
|
Black v5 |
25 |
Default | ||
|
Castable Wax 40 v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Castable Wax 40 v1 |
25 |
Default | ||
|
Castable Wax v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Castable Wax v1 |
25 |
Default | ||
|
Clear v5 |
100 |
Default |
22 mm/hr 0.9 in/hr |
16-25 mm/hr 0.6-1 in/hr |
|
Clear v5 |
50 |
Default |
11 mm/hr 0.4 in/hr |
9-17 mm/hr 0.4-0.7 in/hr |
|
Clear v5 |
25 |
Default | ||
|
Color Base v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
Color Base v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Color Base v1 |
25 |
Default | ||
|
Custom Tray v1 |
100 |
Default |
34 mm/hr 1.3 in/hr |
29-39 mm/hr 1.1-1.5 in/hr |
|
Dental LT Clear v2 |
100 |
Default |
22 mm/hr 0.9 in/hr |
14-25 mm/hr 0.6-1 in/hr |
|
Dental LT Comfort v1.1 |
100 |
Default |
26 mm/hr 1 in/hr |
19-39 mm/hr 0.71.5 in/hr |
|
Denture Base LP v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Denture Base OP v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Denture Base RP v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Durable v2.1 |
100 |
Default |
20 mm/hr 0.8 in/hr |
16-27 mm/hr 0.6-1.1 in/hr |
|
Durable v2.1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Elastic 50A v2 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
ESD v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
ESD v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Fast Model v1 |
160 |
Default |
50 mm/hr 2 in/hr |
49-59 mm/hr 2-2.3 in/hr |
|
Fast Model v1 |
160 |
Fast Arch | ||
|
Fast Model v1 |
100 |
Default |
35 mm/hr 1.4 in/hr |
25-41 mm/hr 1-1.6 in/hr |
|
Fast Model v1 |
100 |
Fast Arch | ||
|
Flame Retardant v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
Flame Retardant v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Flexible 80A v1.1 |
100 |
Default |
13 mm/hr 0.5 in/hr |
10–17 mm/hr 0.4–0.7 in/hr |
|
Flexible 80A v1.1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Grey v5 |
100 |
Default |
29 mm/hr 1.1 in/hr |
24-32 mm/hr 0.9-1.3 in/hr |
|
Grey v5 |
100 |
Fast Arch | ||
|
Grey v5 |
50 |
Default |
20 mm/hr 0.8 in/hr |
17-21 mm/hr 0.7-0.8 in/hr |
|
Grey v5 |
25 |
Default | ||
|
High Temp v2 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
High Temp v2 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
IBT Flex v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
IBT Flex v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Precision Model v1 |
50 |
Default |
12 mm/hr 0.5 in/hr |
8-17 mm/hr 0.3-0.7 in/hr |
|
Precision Model v1 |
25 |
Default | ||
|
Premium Teeth A2 v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
Premium Teeth A2 v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Premium Teeth A3 v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
Premium Teeth A3 v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Premium Teeth B1 v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
Premium Teeth B1 v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Premium Teeth BL v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
Premium Teeth BL v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
PU Rigid 1000 v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
PU Rigid 1000 v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
PU Rigid 650 v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
PU Rigid 650 v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Rigid 10k v1.1 |
100 |
Default |
34 mm/hr 1.3 in/hr |
29-39 mm/hr 1.1-1.5 in/hr |
|
Rigid 10k v1.1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Rigid 4000 v1 |
100 |
Default |
20 mm/hr 0.8 in/hr |
14-28 mm/hr 0.6-1.1 in/hr |
|
Rigid 4000 v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Silicone 40A v1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
Surgical Guide v1 |
100 |
Default |
22 mm/hr 0.9 in/hr |
17-25 mm/hr 0.7-1in/hr |
|
Surgical Guide v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Tough 1500 v1.1 |
100 |
Default | ||
|
Tough 1500 v1.1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
Tough 2000 v1 |
100 |
Default |
20 mm/hr 0.8 in/hr |
15-23 mm/hr 0.6-0.9 in/hr |
|
Tough 2000 v1 |
50 |
Default | ||
|
White v5 |
100 |
Default |
25 mm/hr 1 in/hr |
18-28 mm/hr 0.7-1.1 in/hr |
|
White v5 |
50 |
Default |
19 mm/hr 0.7 in/hr |
12-22 mm/hr 0.5-0.9 in/hr |
For blank cells: we are still collecting data and will update this table when results are available.
How print speed works
On Form 4L generation printers, your expected print speed depends on three main factors:
- Material: every material has different curing and flow behavior, which impacts how long each step of the print process takes.
- Layer height: the thickness of each layer in your print. If you print the same part with 100 µm layer height and 50 µm layer height, the print with 50 µm layer thickness will have twice as many layers and take longer to print.
- Print geometry: When you’re printing with a given material and layer height, you may notice print speeds varying slightly depending on your print geometry. For print jobs with more parts or larger parts, each layer will have a larger cross-sectional area, which may slightly decrease print speeds.
There are four steps of the printing process that occur during every layer of your print. Each of these steps can take a varying amount of time depending on several factors.
| Step | What happens? | What variables does the step time depend on? | Why does the step time depend on these variables? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expose | The Backlight Unit and Light Processing Unit expose liquid resin in the resin tank with precise, powerful light. The liquid resin is cured into a solid layer. | Material Layer height | Different resins and layer heights have different curing behavior. |
| Peel | A solid, cured layer is peeled from the bottom of the flexible film at the bottom of the resin tank. The printer uses its Z-axis force sensor to measure forces exerted on parts and to optimize the peel motion profile for low peel forces and fast print speeds. | Print geometry | When printing larger, chunkier models or more models, the printer may slightly reduce peel speeds to maintain low peel forces. |
| Mix | The high speed mixer quickly remixes resin inside the tank to maintain homogeneity and a uniform temperature. | Material | Mixing behavior depends on the flow behavior of a material. |
| Squish |
The partially-complete print is lowered back into the resin tank. The print is squished in the liquid resin until there is one-layer-thickness of liquid resin between the print and flexible film. The printer uses its Z-axis force sensor to measure forces exerted on parts and to optimize the peel motion profile for low peel forces and fast squish speeds. | Material Layer height Print geometry |
When printing larger, chunkier models or more models, the printer may slightly reduce squish speeds to maintain low peel forces. The squish step generally takes longer for smaller layer thicknesses. |
How models with cups affect print speed
As noted above, print geometry impacts print speed. In particular, Form 4 and Form 4L generation printers slow down while printing hollow regions in parts, known as cups, to prevent print failures. To reduce this slowdown:
- Use the Hole tool in PreForm to add drain holes to your model.
- Create a custom print setting with the PreForm Print Settings Editor and deselect Cup Mitigation Enabled. Disabling this feature can reduce print times but may lead to print defects.