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Understanding print speed (Form 4L generation)

Understanding print speed (Form 4L generation)

Form 4L generation printers deliver blazing fast print speeds with excellent reliability, print quality, accuracy, materials performance, and build volume size. Most MSLA printers sacrifice one or several aspects of print performance to achieve comparable speeds.

Print speed is mostly impacted by material and layer height and also by part geometry. The most accurate way to calculate the print time for your model is by using the Print Time estimation feature in PreForm, our free print preparation software.

How we measure and validate print speed

For Form 4L generation printers, we measure print speed in vertical height printed per hour, with units of millimeters per hour or inches per hour.

We rigorously validate the print speed, reliability, print quality, accuracy, and mechanical properties for every material and layer height available on Form 4L generation printers. For every material and layer height, we run roughly 100 prints across 40+ different printers, using 20+ unique models covering a range of key applications and part geometries. Then we inspect, measure, and test every one of those prints.

Print speed by material and layer height

This table shows median and typical print speeds by material, layer height, and print setting, as measured during the Formlabs validation process.

For a given material and layer height, the Typical Print Speed column shows 25th and 75th percentile print speeds measured during our validation process. This range represents the level of variation you might see based on part geometry for a given material and layer height.

Material

Layer Height

(µm)

Print Setting

Median Print Speed

Typical Print Speed,

25th - 75th percentile

Alumina 4N v1

50

Default

Alumina 4N v1

25

Default

BioMed Amber v1

100

Default

BioMed Amber v1

50

Default

BioMed Black v1

100

Default

BioMed Black v1

50

Default

BioMed Clear v1

100

Default

BioMed Clear v1

50

Default

BioMed Durable v1.1

100

Default

BioMed Elastic 50A v1

100

Default

BioMed Flex 80A v1

100

Default

BioMed Flex 80A v1

50

Default

BioMed White v1

100

Default

BioMed White v1

50

Default

Black v5

100

Default

21 mm/hr

0.8 in/hr

17-22 mm/hr

0.7-0.9 in/hr

Black v5

50

Default

13 mm/hr

0.5 in/hr

10-23 mm/hr

0.4-0.9 in/hr

Black v5

25

Default

Castable Wax 40 v1

50

Default

Castable Wax 40 v1

25

Default

Castable Wax v1

50

Default

Castable Wax v1

25

Default

Clear v5

100

Default

22 mm/hr

0.9 in/hr

16-25 mm/hr

0.6-1 in/hr

Clear v5

50

Default

11 mm/hr

0.4 in/hr

9-17 mm/hr

0.4-0.7 in/hr

Clear v5

25

Default

Color Base v1

100

Default

Color Base v1

50

Default

Color Base v1

25

Default

Custom Tray v1

100

Default

34 mm/hr

1.3 in/hr

29-39 mm/hr

1.1-1.5 in/hr

Dental LT Clear v2

100

Default

22 mm/hr

0.9 in/hr

14-25 mm/hr

0.6-1 in/hr

Dental LT Comfort v1.1

100

Default

26 mm/hr

1 in/hr

19-39 mm/hr

0.71.5 in/hr

Denture Base LP v1

50

Default

Denture Base OP v1

50

Default

Denture Base RP v1

50

Default

Durable v2.1

100

Default

20 mm/hr

0.8 in/hr

16-27 mm/hr

0.6-1.1 in/hr

Durable v2.1

50

Default

Elastic 50A v2

100

Default

ESD v1

100

Default

ESD v1

50

Default

Fast Model v1

160

Default

50 mm/hr

2 in/hr

49-59 mm/hr

2-2.3 in/hr

Fast Model v1

160

Fast Arch

Fast Model v1

100

Default

35 mm/hr

1.4 in/hr

25-41 mm/hr

1-1.6 in/hr

Fast Model v1

100

Fast Arch

Flame Retardant v1

100

Default

Flame Retardant v1

50

Default

Flexible 80A v1.1

100

Default

13 mm/hr

0.5 in/hr

10–17 mm/hr

0.4–0.7 in/hr

Flexible 80A v1.1

50

Default

Grey v5

100

Default

29 mm/hr

1.1 in/hr

24-32 mm/hr

0.9-1.3 in/hr

Grey v5

100

Fast Arch

Grey v5

50

Default

20 mm/hr

0.8 in/hr

17-21 mm/hr

0.7-0.8 in/hr

Grey v5

25

Default

High Temp v2

100

Default

High Temp v2

50

Default

IBT Flex v1

100

Default

IBT Flex v1

50

Default

Precision Model v1

50

Default

12 mm/hr

0.5 in/hr

8-17 mm/hr

0.3-0.7 in/hr

Precision Model v1

25

Default

Premium Teeth A2 v1

100

Default

Premium Teeth A2 v1

50

Default

Premium Teeth A3 v1

100

Default

Premium Teeth A3 v1

50

Default

Premium Teeth B1 v1

100

Default

Premium Teeth B1 v1

50

Default

Premium Teeth BL v1

100

Default

Premium Teeth BL v1

50

Default

PU Rigid 1000 v1

100

Default

PU Rigid 1000 v1

50

Default

PU Rigid 650 v1

100

Default

PU Rigid 650 v1

50

Default

Rigid 10k v1.1

100

Default

34 mm/hr

1.3 in/hr

29-39 mm/hr

1.1-1.5 in/hr

Rigid 10k v1.1

50

Default

Rigid 4000 v1

100

Default

20 mm/hr

0.8 in/hr

14-28 mm/hr

0.6-1.1 in/hr

Rigid 4000 v1

50

Default

Silicone 40A v1

100

Default

Surgical Guide v1

100

Default

22 mm/hr

0.9 in/hr

17-25 mm/hr

0.7-1in/hr

Surgical Guide v1

50

Default

Tough 1500 v1.1

100

Default

Tough 1500 v1.1

50

Default

Tough 2000 v1

100

Default

20 mm/hr

0.8 in/hr

15-23 mm/hr

0.6-0.9 in/hr

Tough 2000 v1

50

Default

White v5

100

Default

25 mm/hr

1 in/hr

18-28 mm/hr

0.7-1.1 in/hr

White v5

50

Default

19 mm/hr

0.7 in/hr

12-22 mm/hr

0.5-0.9 in/hr

For blank cells: we are still collecting data and will update this table when results are available.

How print speed works

On Form 4L generation printers, your expected print speed depends on three main factors:

  1. Material: every material has different curing and flow behavior, which impacts how long each step of the print process takes.
  2. Layer height: the thickness of each layer in your print. If you print the same part with 100 µm layer height and 50 µm layer height, the print with 50 µm layer thickness will have twice as many layers and take longer to print.
  3. Print geometry: When you’re printing with a given material and layer height, you may notice print speeds varying slightly depending on your print geometry. For print jobs with more parts or larger parts, each layer will have a larger cross-sectional area, which may slightly decrease print speeds.

There are four steps of the printing process that occur during every layer of your print. Each of these steps can take a varying amount of time depending on several factors.

StepWhat happens?What variables does the step time depend on?Why does the step time depend on these variables?
ExposeThe Backlight Unit and Light Processing Unit expose liquid resin in the resin tank with precise, powerful light. The liquid resin is cured into a solid layer.Material
Layer height
Different resins and layer heights have different curing behavior.
PeelA solid, cured layer is peeled from the bottom of the flexible film at the bottom of the resin tank. The printer uses its Z-axis force sensor to measure forces exerted on parts and to optimize the peel motion profile for low peel forces and fast print speeds.Print geometryWhen printing larger, chunkier models or more models, the printer may slightly reduce peel speeds to maintain low peel forces.
MixThe high speed mixer quickly remixes resin inside the tank to maintain homogeneity and a uniform temperature.MaterialMixing behavior depends on the flow behavior of a material.
Squish

The partially-complete print is lowered back into the resin tank. The print is squished in the liquid resin until there is one-layer-thickness of liquid resin between the print and flexible film.

The printer uses its Z-axis force sensor to measure forces exerted on parts and to optimize the peel motion profile for low peel forces and fast squish speeds.

Material
Layer height
Print geometry

When printing larger, chunkier models or more models, the printer may slightly reduce squish speeds to maintain low peel forces.

The squish step generally takes longer for smaller layer thicknesses.

How models with cups affect print speed

As noted above, print geometry impacts print speed. In particular, Form 4 and Form 4L generation printers slow down while printing hollow regions in parts, known as cups, to prevent print failures. To reduce this slowdown:

  • Use the Hole tool in PreForm to add drain holes to your model.
  • Create a custom print setting with the PreForm Print Settings Editor and deselect Cup Mitigation Enabled. Disabling this feature can reduce print times but may lead to print defects.